2011/10/24

Myocardial Infarction

Ischemic myocardial necrosis usually resulting from abrupt reduction in coronary flow to a segment of myocardium. Myocardial infarction clinical condition is characterized by precordial pain similar to, but usually more intense and prolonged than, Angina pectoris and Left ventricular dysfunction.

Etiology
Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the common denominator in most patients with myocardial infarction. Angiographic studies reveal that segmental abnormalities of myocardial infarction contractility representing old infarction correlate reasonably well with artery supplying disease. Abnormalities in platelet aggregation in the patient with pre-existing coronary disease may contribute to variable changes in coronary perfusion. However, infarction can occur in the absence of coronary occlusion artery disease or occlusion, and if adequate collaterals are present, coronary occlusion can develop without subsequent infarction. Myocardial infarction may occur in the absence of coronary artery disease because of coronary artery spasm or because of coronary embolization complicating endocarditis, left atrial thrombosis, or rheumatic heart disease. Myocardial Infarction is predominantly a disease of the left ventricle but the damaged area may extend into the right ventricle or the atria.

The first symptoms of acute myocardial infarction is the development of deep, substernal, visceral pain described as aching or pressure. The myocardial pain is similar to angina pectoris but usually more severe and relieved little, or only temporarily. In severe episodes the patient becomes apprehensive and may develop a sense of impending doom. Symptoms of left ventricular failure, pulmonary edema, shock or significant arrhythmia may develops and dominate the clinical picture.

Treatment
Myocardial infarction treatment usually designed to relieve the patient's distress, reduce cardiac work, prevent myocardial possible complications, and furthermore treatment complications.

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